India wants to attract “mega investments” in manufacturing with tax incentives, but it will need more than that to compete with Southeast Asian peers who are gaining from a shift in global supply chains.
Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman outlined plans in her budget last week to offer income and indirect tax breaks to global technology companies to set up factories in India to make everything from semiconductors to solar panels. The government also wants to organize a global summit to attract investors.
As Asia’s third-largest economy, India lags behind Southeast Asian peers when it comes to winning over investors. Foreign direct investment into India was 1.5 per cent of the gross domestic product in 2017, according to the World Bank, compared with 3 per cent in Malaysia and 6.3 per cent in Vietnam.
Part of the reason is that it’s harder to open and run a business in India than in Southeast Asia, according to the World Bank’s ease of doing business index. For example in Vietnam, which has an economy a 10th the size of India’s, it’s easier to start a business, register a property and enforce a contract, according to the index.
India is missing out on global value chains because of its inadequate transport infrastructure, land and labour regulations and tax structure, said Pravin Krishna, a professor of International Economics and Business at Johns Hopkins University in Washington. “Tax incentives may indeed help a bit. The problem of improving the investment climate is a much larger one,” he said before the budget.
Vietnam has emerged as one of the biggest beneficiaries of the US-China trade war as businesses look to shift operations to bypass higher tariffs.
India wants to now offer incentives similar to Vietnam to gain from supply chain disruptions, with the government identifying industries including lithium battery technology, electric vehicles and consumer electronics for tax breaks.
Attracting foreign investment is key to Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s flagship Make-in-India program, which is aimed at creating jobs and reducing unemployment. India has set a target of increasing the share of manufacturing in the economy to 25 per cent by 2020 from about 15 per cent at present. It also plans to invest USD 1.4 trillion in infrastructure by 2024.
So far, Modi has struggled to ease archaic land and labour laws that make it difficult for companies to start and expand. The government is now proposing to combine multiple labour laws into four broad codes with the aim to reduce disputes, Sitharaman said.