HYDERABAD: Traditionally, gig and platform workers have been defined as individuals engaged in short-term, freelance work without long-term commitment to any single employer. However, in Telangana’s evolving digital economy, this definition is rapidly becoming outdated. A growing number of workers now rely on gig work — delivered via platforms such as ride-hailing, food delivery, and logistics apps — not as a side hustle, but as their primary and full-time source of income. Recognising this shift, worker unions in the state are calling for a redefinition of the term “gig and platform worker” to better reflect the lived realities and economic contributions of this workforce.
It is to be recalled that the state government has taken a step toward recognising and securing the rights of gig and platform workers with the introduction of the Gig and Platform Workers (Registration, Social Security, and Welfare) Bill, 2025. Released for public consultation in April, the government extended the feedback period in response to an influx of suggestions from worker groups, civil society, and legal experts. Many have called for its enactment on Telangana Formation Day (June 2), symbolising the state’s commitment to inclusive growth and social justice.
The bill proposes a comprehensive legal framework for registering gig workers and providing access to welfare schemes through a newly established Telangana Gig and Platform Workers Welfare Board. A supporting Welfare Fund would be financed via a 1-2% transaction levy on aggregators, along with contributions from the state and other sources. Each worker would receive a Unique Identification Number (UID) to ensure seamless access across platforms.
The legislation mandates aggregators to register with the board and disclose algorithmic systems that impact work allocation, performance ratings, and payments. Platforms employing over 100 workers must set up internal dispute resolution mechanisms. A multi-level grievance redressal system is proposed, with penalties of up to Rs 2 lakh and a year’s imprisonment for non-compliance.
Despite these advancements, several gig and platform workers highlight key gaps. Telangana Gig and Platform Workers Union (TGPWU) founder president Shaik Salauddin insists the bill should align with international labour standards, notably ILO Recommendation 204 and Convention 198, to ensure global recognition.
TGPWU advocates for the inclusion of core worker rights — wage protection, occupational safety, and social security — within the main legislation. It calls for sector-specific minimum pay based on time spent, associated costs, and completed tasks to protect against sub-minimum wage earnings.
Algorithmic transparency is another core concern. “The government should mandate independent audits of platforms’ algorithmic decision-making systems, covering aspects like task distribution, rating metrics, and deactivation protocols. These systems, often opaque, must be scrutinised to prevent discrimination and arbitrariness,” Shaik Salauddin said and added that the bill should place the burden of disclosure on aggregators, ensuring workers can access this information in a language they understand.
It also proposes removing the term “primary employer” to clarify aggregators’ responsibilities and expanding the definition of workers to include those in logistics, warehousing, and subcontracting.
A tripartite welfare board with equal representation from workers, platforms, and the government is another key demand. This body should have the authority to enforce compliance, levy penalties, and conduct inquiries, not merely serve an advisory role.
TGPWU also underscores the importance of fair contracts — written in plain language and available in local languages — and insists that any material changes to algorithmic management or contract terms be communicated to workers with at least 14 days’ notice. Contracts should also clarify permissible deductions and empower workers to reject unreasonable job requests without penalty.