A recent forecast by the Indian Meteorological Department warned that a heatwave might hit parts of the country—specifically Central India and East India—over the next few days. Delhi, too, recorded a maximum temperature of 43°C on Sunday. Soaring temperatures can be particularly dangerous to vulnerable populations such as the elderly and children. In such a scenario, it is imperative to understand the risks associated with heat-related illnesses as well as how one can prevent them.
Stay informed, stay safe
According to Dr. Rajeev Gupta, Director, Internal Medicine, CK Birla Hospital, Punjabi Bagh, heat stroke is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterised by high temperatures, altered consciousness, and bleeding. “The consequences of extreme heat and a lack of fluids can lead to dehydration, heat exhaustion, and heatstroke,” shares Dr. Mukesh Mehra, Director, Internal Medicine at Max Super Speciality Hospital, Patparganj, adding, “If children below the age of five experience more than two bouts of vomiting over 24 hours or exhibit signs of lethargy, it is imperative to seek medical attention immediately.”
For adults, as per Dr Mehra, heat exhaustion symptoms include nausea or vomiting, paleness, tiredness, weakness, headache, muscle cramps, and dizziness. Avoiding sun exposure, maintaining hydration and nourishment, and seeking early medical treatment are all vital in order to prevent permanent brain damage. Dr Gupta further notes that the risk of heat stroke increases due to factors such as heat, high humidity, pre-existing conditions, and infections.
Among the many points to keep in mind, it is imperative to stay out of the sun as much as possible, wear a large hat for sun protection, and carry water with you at all times during an intense heat spell. Dr Mehra also suggests that one carry a small wet towel or cloth under their hat or on their shoulders to stay cool. Additionally, he recommends using rehydration solutions, especially for those who remain thirsty. Ensure that both the elderly and the young have access to water, especially individuals who work or exercise outdoors.
Dr. Gupta sheds light on the symptoms of heat-related illnesses and when medical attention should be sought. “We are currently seeing a surge in cases related to dehydration due to changes in weather conditions. Acute gastroenteritis is prevalent, particularly among those who are exposed to extreme heat for an extended period. Heat cramps and muscle cramps throughout the body are common symptoms of those who are directly exposed to the sun such as those involved in manual labour. In such cases, putting the patient in an air-conditioned environment with ambient temperature and giving them fluids orally is the preferred course of action,” he says.
Eat healthy, stay refreshed
Offering her insights into the best foods to consume during a heat spell, Dr. Priyanka Rohatgi, Chief Nutritionist, Apollo Hospitals, suggests consuming small meals containing moisture-rich foods, fibre, and protein, such as fruit smoothies, bowls of fruit, buttermilk, cold soups, lemon juice, infused water, cucumber-celery juice, mint lemonade, aloe vera, and amla juice. She also highlighted the importance of drinking water that is infused with Tulsi leaves, amla, cucumber, and mint leaves in order to avoid dehydration.
Furthermore, children—and older adults—should carry water when they go out to play, wear caps to avoid direct sunlight, avoid direct heat, and play during non-peak hours. Skipping meals should be avoided at all costs to ensure proper nutrition and hydration amid such conditions.
It is important to stay healthy especially during the scorching summer months. Dr. Rohatgi mentions the importance of quick and easy meal options that can help one beat the heat all while keeping the body refreshed and healthy. “It is important to note that during heat exhaustion, our muscles may release all the minerals, leading to symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, and dizziness. To combat these, it is vital to hydrate ourselves with a good amount of minerals, such as ORS packets. One can also prepare fresh ORS at home with nimbu (lemon), mint, sugar, and salt.”
When the temperature rises, try to break your meals into small frequent portions, and avoid fried foods—this can help prevent nausea and stomach cramps. It is best to opt for light dishes such as rice-based khichdi, dalia, upma, or poha, along with fresh homemade foods or a sandwich with a probiotic such as curd that can simplify digestion and aid in keeping our bodies healthy. Dr. Rohatgi concludes, “Let us prioritise our health and well-being by implementing these easy-to-follow tips and staying safe during the sweltering summer season.”