
KOCHI: Adolescence is a transformative period of growth and self-discovery. For some people, it also becomes a time of grappling with idiopathic adolescent scoliosis (IAS), a condition marked by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. It is the most common type of scoliosis, accounting for 80% of cases. Often identified during routine health screenings or through parental observations of uneven shoulders or hips, the condition is confirmed using X-rays.
Although the exact cause remains unclear, factors such as genetics, hormonal changes, and rapid growth spurts are said to contribute. Early detection plays a pivotal role in effective management.
The condition affects adolescents physically and emotionally. Mild cases may cause minimal discomfort, but more severe curves can lead to chronic pain, restricted mobility, and visible deformities. These physical challenges often exacerbate psychological struggles, including reduced self-esteem and social anxiety, during a critical developmental stage.
Treatment for IAS is typically determined by the severity of the curve and the patient’s growth phase. Mild cases are monitored regularly, while moderate curves (25-40 degrees) often necessitate bracing to prevent progression. Severe cases (over 40-50 degrees) may require surgical intervention.
The Schroth Program: A non-surgical solution
This has emerged as a highly effective, non-invasive treatment option for scoliosis. The program is particularly effective during growth spurts, when the spine is more adaptable. Developed by Katharina Schroth, this specialised physiotherapy method addresses the unique needs of individuals with scoliosis by focusing on three-dimensional correction, which targets the spine’s lateral curvature, rotation, and sagittal alignment. The other element of the Schroth Program is breathing techniques. In this, patients learn to expand collapsed areas of the rib cage, improving respiratory function and overall posture. The last is muscle symmetry, wherein exercises are designed to strengthen underused muscles and elongate tight ones, restoring balance and stability to the spine.
Each Schroth program is tailored to the individual’s specific curvature pattern, physical capabilities, and goals. A therapist guides the patients through these customised exercises, ensuring proper technique and gradual progression. This personalised approach maximizes outcomes and fosters long-term adherence.
Numerous studies affirm the efficacy of the Schroth method. Research published in scoliosis and spinal disorders highlights significant improvements in posture, curve stabilization, and quality of life among participants. Another study in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice demonstrates that Schroth exercises outperform general physical therapy in reducing pain and preventing curve progression.
Importance of early intervention
Early interventions can profoundly impact the lives of those affected by this condition. Parents play a crucial role in supporting their child’s therapy journey by fostering a positive attitude and ensuring consistency. The Schroth program is often part of a comprehensive treatment plan that includes bracing and regular monitoring. By focusing on three-dimensional correction, breathing techniques, and muscle symmetry, this method enables adolescents to take an active role in their recovery. For those who are navigating the complexities of scoliosis, the Schroth method represents a beacon of hope, proving that it can lead to profound improvements in quality of life.
Benefits of the Schroth Program
Curve Stabilisation: Regular practice can halt or even reduce curve progression, potentially eliminating the need for surgery.
Enhanced Posture: Targeted exercises improve spinal alignment and minimise visible deformities.
Pain Relief: Addressing muscle imbalances and improving spinal mechanics alleviates discomfort.
Improved Lung Function: Breathing techniques enhance respiratory capacity, particularly in cases where scoliosis impacts lung function.
Empowerment: Active participation in therapy fosters confidence and a sense of control over one’s health.
The author is chief physiotherapist at SP Medifort Hospital in Thiruvananthapuram