NEW DELHI: Genomic variations and structural changes have been reported from other countries in the new variant of coronavirus but whether these alterations would impart increased transmissibility or make vaccines ineffective is under examination, senior ICMR scientist Samiran Panda said Saturday.
"Vaccines which have been directed towards spike protein of the virus may find difficulty in mounting adequate immunity against the mutated version because of the structural changes that have been reported in the viral genome, according to WHO."
"However, we have to wait and watch in order to figure out how the emergence of this new mutant evolve and play out at the population level," said Panda, the head of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases Division, Indian Council of Medical Research.
He said that vaccines used in India -- Covaxin and Covishield -- have been reported to work against previously identified mutants from within India and other countries.
"Whether they would be effective against newly reported mutant B.1.1.529 needs to be seen over a period of time," he said.
A World Health Organisation panel has named the new COVID-19 strain 'Omicron' and classified it as a highly transmissible variant of concern, the category that also includes the delta variant.
"Genomic variations and structural changes have been reported from other countries in the new emerging variant of coronavirus but whether these changes would impart increased transmissibility or make vaccines ineffective is under examination," he said.
Panda said mRNA vaccines are directed towards viral spike protein and host cell receptor interaction and thus may need to be tweaked as appropriate around the changes observed in the virus.
Panda, meanwhile, also stressed on strengthening of the ongoing vaccination drive as well as strict adherence to Covid-appropriate behaviour where community engagement is the key intervention approach.
Ramping up genomic surveillance in the country and for incoming international travelers will also help in forming programmatic intervention measures, he underlined.
With each passing hour, new restrictions were being slapped on travel from countries in southern Africa as the world scurried Saturday to contain a new variant of the coronavirus that has the potential to be more resistant to the protection offered by vaccines.
A host of countries, including Australia, Brazil, Canada Iran, Japan, Thailand and the United States, joined others, including the European Union and the U.K. in impose restrictions on southern African countries in response to warnings over the transmissibility of the new variant, against the advice of the World Health Organisation.
Despite the shutdown of flights, there was increasing evidence that the variant is already spreading.
Cases have been reported in travellers in Belgium, Israel and Hong Kong, and Germany also has a probable case.
Dutch authorities are checking for the new variant after 61 passengers on two flights from South Africa tested positive for COVID-19.
The global health body has named the new variant omicron, labelling it a variant of concern because of its high number of mutations and some early evidence that it carries a higher degree of infection than other variants.
That means people who contracted COVID-19 and recovered could be subject to catching it again.
It could take weeks to know if current vaccines are less effective against it.
With so much uncertainty about the omicron variant and scientists unlikely to flesh out their findings for a few weeks, countries around the world have been taking a safety-first approach, in the knowledge that previous outbreaks of the pandemic have been partly fuelled by lax border policies.
"It seems to spread rapidly," U.S. President Joe Biden said Friday of the new variant, only a day after celebrating the resumption of Thanksgiving gatherings for millions of American families and the sense that normal life was coming back at least for the vaccinated.
In announcing new travel restrictions, he told reporters, "I've decided that we're going to be cautious."
Nearly two years on since the start of the pandemic that has claimed more than 5 million lives around the world, countries are on high alert.
Dutch authorities have isolated 61 people who tested positive for COVID-19 on arrival in the Netherlands on two flights from South Africa on Friday.
They are carrying out further investigations to see if any of the travellers have the omicron variant.
The planes arrived in the Netherlands from Johannesburg and Cape Town shortly after the Dutch government imposed a ban on flights from southern African nations.
The 539 travellers who tested negative were allowed to return home or continue their journeys to other countries.
Under government regulations, those who live in the Netherlands and are allowed to return home must self-isolate for at least five days.
A German official also said Saturday that there's a "very high probability" that the omicron variant has already arrived in the country.
Kai Klose, the health minister for Hesse state, which includes Frankfurt, said in a tweet that "several mutations typical of omicron" were found Friday night in a traveler returning from South Africa, who was isolated at home.
Sequencing of the test had yet to be completed.
The variant's swift spread among young people in South Africa has alarmed health professionals even though there was no immediate indication whether the variant causes more severe disease.
In just two weeks, omicron has turned a period of low transmission in the country into one of rapid growth.
A number of pharmaceutical firms, including AstraZeneca, Moderna, Novavax and Pfizer, said they have plans in place to adapt their vaccines in light of the emergence of omicron.
Professor Andrew Pollard, the director of the Oxford Vaccine Group which developed the AstraZeneca vaccine, expressed cautious optimism that existing vaccines could be effective at preventing serious disease from the omicron variant.
He said most of the mutations appear to be in similar regions as those in other variants.
"That tells you that despite those mutations existing in other variants the vaccines have continued to prevent serious disease as we've moved through alpha, beta, gamma and delta," he told BBC radio.
"At least from a speculative point of view we have some optimism that the vaccine should still work against a new variant for serious disease but really we need to wait several weeks to have that confirmed."
He added that it is "extremely unlikely that a reboot of a pandemic in a vaccinated population like we saw last year is going to happen."
Some experts said the variant's emergence illustrated how rich countries' hoarding of vaccines threatens to prolong the pandemic.
Fewer than 6% of people in Africa have been fully immunised against COVID-19, and millions of health workers and vulnerable populations have yet to receive a single dose.
Those conditions can speed up spread of the virus, offering more opportunities for it to evolve into a dangerous variant.
(With AP Inputs)