"Violence and harassment at work is a widespread phenomenon around the world," the UN's International Labour Organization said following a joint study by the ILO, Lloyd’s Register Foundation and pollsters Gallup.
The survey was the first attempt to produce a global overview of the magnitude and frequency of the problem, and the barriers that prevent people from talking about it.
It found that 22.8 per cent -- which would amount to 743 million people in employment -- have experienced "at least one form of violence and harassment at work during their working life," according to data collected last year.
Nearly a third of victims (31.8 per cent) said they had been subjected to more than one form of violence and harassment, and 6.3 per cent had experienced it in all three forms -- physical, psychological and sexual -- during their working life.
The survey was mainly conducted by telephone and the questions were formulated so they could be understood by as many people as possible.
The study found that the perception of what constitutes violence or harassment is not the same around the world: in some places, pushing someone could be seen as rude behaviour, but nothing further than that.
Psychological violence and harassment at work were found to be the most common, with 17.9 per cent, or 583 million people experiencing it in their working life.
The survey found that 8.5 per cent (which would amount to 277 million people) had experienced physical violence and harassment.
While women are more likely to have suffered psychological violence, men are more often the victims of physical violence, the study found.
Sexual violence
Violence and harassment of a sexual nature have affected 6.3 per cent -- approximately one person in every 15 in employment -- with women "particularly exposed," the ILO said.
Of the three forms of violence and harassment, it has the biggest gender gap: more than eight per cent of women are victims, compared to five per cent among men.
"Young women were twice as likely as young men to have experienced sexual violence and harassment," the ILO added.
The study found that people who have experienced discrimination on the basis of gender, disability status, nationality, ethnicity, skin colour or religion in their lives were also more likely to have experienced violence and harassment at work.
Youth, migrant, and wage and salaried workers were more likely to face violence and harassment at work, particularly women, the study found.
The survey found that violence and harassment at work could be recurrent and persistent: more than three in five victims said it had happened to them multiple times.
It also found there were several barriers preventing people from disclosing incidents, with "waste of time" and "fear for their reputation" being the most common.
