MOSCOW: Russian nuclear submarines sailed off for drills in the Barents Sea and mobile missile launchers roamed snow forests on Tuesday in Siberia after President Vladimir Putin ordered his nation's nuclear forces put on high alert over tensions with the West over the invasion of Ukraine.
Russia's Northern Fleet said in a statement that several of its nuclear submarines were involved in exercises designed to "train maneuvering in stormy conditions."
It said several warships tasked with protecting northwest Russia's Kola Peninsula, where several naval bases are located, would join the maneuvers.
In the Irkutsk region of eastern Siberia, units of the Strategic Missile Forces dispersed Yars intercontinental ballistic missile launchers in forests to practice secret deployment, the Defense Ministry said in a statement.
The military didn't say whether the drills were linked to Putin's order on Sunday to put the country's nuclear forces on high alert amid Russia's war in Ukraine.
It also was unclear whether the exercises represented a change in the country's normal nuclear training activities or posture.
Putin's decree applied to all parts of the Russian nuclear triad, which like in the US, consists of nuclear submarines armed with intercontinental ballistic missiles, nuclear-tipped land-based ICBMs and nuclear-capable strategic bombers.
The United States and Russia have the two largest nuclear arsenals in the world, by far.
The US said Putin's move unnecessarily escalated an already dangerous conflict, but so far has announced no changes in its nuclear weapons alert level, perhaps in part because it was unclear what the Russian president's order meant in practical terms.
Russia and the US have the land- and submarine-based segments of their strategic nuclear forces on alert and prepared for combat at all times, but nuclear-capable bombers and other aircraft are not.
One party raising the nuclear-combat readiness of bombers or ordering more ICBM-carrying submarines to sea would ring alarm bells for another.
Compared to the US, Russia relies more heavily on nuclear-tipped intercontinental ballistic missiles, which are located in silos or mounted on mobile launchers.
A change in their readiness status could be more difficult to spot and assess.
Putin's order heightened already soaring tensions, drawing comparisons to the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis that saw Moscow and Washington teetering on the brink of a nuclear conflict.
In announcing his decision, Putin cited "aggressive statements" from NATO powers and new, crippling Western sanctions that froze Russia's hard currency reserves, an unprecedented move that threatened to have devastating consequences for the its economy and finances.
The latest statements from Putin and other Russian officials indicated the Kremlin view of Western sanctions as a threat on par with military aggression.
Dmitry Medvedev, a deputy head of Russia's Security Council, responded on Tuesday to French Finance Minister Bruno Le Maire commenting that the European Union would unleash an all-out economic and financial "war" against Russia.
"Today, some French minister has said that they declared an economic war on Russia," Medvedev, who served as Russia's placeholder president in 2008-2012 when Putin had to shift into the prime minister's post because of term limits.
"Watch your tongue, gentlemen! And don't forget that in human history, economic wars quite often turned into real ones. The West should not establish military facilities on the territory of former USSR states that are not members of NATO," Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said on Tuesday, days after Moscow launched a massive military operation against Ukraine.
In a video address to the Disarmament Conference in Geneva, Russia's top diplomat also emphasised that Moscow believes that obtaining legally binding security guarantees from North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) members is of paramount importance.
"[Our] Western colleagues have not yet shown any willingness to provide Russia with long-term legally binding security guarantees. For us, achieving these objectives is of fundamental importance," Lavrov said.
"Western countries should refrain from establishing military facilities on the territory of former USSR states that are not members of the alliance, including the use of their infrastructure for conducting any military activity," Lavrov was quoted as saying by the state-run TASS news agency.
"It is necessary to return NATO's military capabilities, including strike [capabilities], and NATO infrastructure to the state of 1997, when the NATO-Russia Founding Act was adopted," Lavrov said.
Russia has long resisted Ukraine's move towards the European Union and the West's defensive military alliance, NATO.
In a pre-dawn TV address on February 24, President Vladimir Putin declared that Russia could not feel "safe, develop and exist" because of what he claimed was a constant threat from modern Ukraine.
Putin claimed that his goal was to protect people subjected to bullying and genocide and aim for the "demilitarisation and de-Nazification" of Ukraine.
In his address, the Russian foreign minister also attacked the trilateral partnership between Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States (AUKUS).
He said the military alliance between the three countries affects the nuclear weapons non-proliferation regime, provokes tension and creates pre-requisites for a new spiral of the arms race.
"The contradictory idea by Australia, Great Britain and the US to create the AUKUS exclusive pact causes our questions. It is obvious that AUKUS is adversely affecting the nuclear non-proliferation regime, provoking tension and creating pre-requisites for unleashing a new spiral of the arms race and, what is more, not only in the Asia-Pacific region," he pointed out.
On September 15, 2021, Australia, the UK and the US announced the creation of a new trilateral security partnership called AUKUS, under which Australia was to build at least eight nuclear-powered submarines with the help American technologies.