The high-level meeting, reported by state news agency Xinhua, followed Sharif's talks earlier in the day with Premier Li Qiang, China's number two leader.
India is one of the largest contributors of sailors on merchant shipping worldwide, with more than 320,000 active seafarers in 2025, according to the country's shipping ministry.
US Secretary of State Marco Rubio told The New York Times that an agreement with Iran had garnered regional support but a nuclear deal could not be achieved "in 72 hours".