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The national song has continued to trigger debate over its "secular" or "anti-Islamic" character and the role it played in India's freedom struggle.

The bill was passed by voice vote after a brief debate, with Opposition's amendments rejected. DMK MP A Raja later tore up documents and threw them into the Well of the House.

The bill amends the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971, and makes insult to the national song, Vande Mataram, a criminal offence.

Union Home Minister Amit Shah said that the Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Amendment Bill, 2026, protects the dreams and aspirations of the youth.

The proposed legislation seeks to give Vande Mataram the same statutory protection as the national anthem, Jana Gana Mana.

Proposed amendment seeks to give the national song the same legal protection as the national anthem, making obstruction or insult a punishable offence.