Both sides said their delegations had discussed deeper military ties, with the Russian defence minister saying Moscow was ready to sign a cooperation plan covering the period from 2027 to 2031.
The Russian military appears to be readying for a renewed push to claim the part of the eastern Donetsk region that remains under Ukraine's control, as well as possible offensives in other sectors.
The meeting comes days after the US temporarily waived some Russian oil sanctions in a bid to ease pressure on global supplies triggered by the war in the Middle East.
Several rounds of discussions have failed to clinch a deal, with Moscow insisting on hardline territorial and political demands that Kyiv has ruled out as tantamount to capitulation.