Jal Biradari national convener Bolisetty Satyanarayana addressing a press conference in Visakhapatnam on Sunday. Express photo by G Satyanarayana.
Center-Center-VijayawadaVISAKHAPATNAM: What was once a vast expanse of open water spread over about 2.22 lakh acres in 1975 has now shrunk to nearly 94,000 acres, according to recent satellite data, pointing to a significant decline in Kolleru Lake’s natural spread.
“Nearly 1.28 lakh acres, about 57% of the lake area, have been converted into aquaculture ponds or encroached upon over the years,” highlighted environmental conservationist and national convener of Jal Biradari Bolisetty Satyanarayana, in a letter addressed to the Prime Minister, Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister, Deputy Chief Minister and officials of the Union Environment Ministry.
Kolleru, located between the Krishna and Godavari deltas, is one of Asia’s largest freshwater lakes and a recognised Ramsar Site. It plays an important role in controlling floods, recharging groundwater, and maintaining the region’s climate balance.
In his letter, Bolisetty stated that the lake remained healthy for centuries and retained its natural state until around the mid-1970s.
He observed that since then, the lake has been gradually shrinking due to human activities. He pointed to the spread of fish ponds inside the lake area, reduction in natural water spread, and changes in water flow patterns.
He highlighted that these changes suggest weak enforcement of environmental rules over the years, noting that although restoration efforts were taken earlier, they have not brought lasting improvement.
Raising legal concerns, Bolisetty referred to directions of the Supreme Court that no encroachments should exist within the notified +5 mean sea level boundary.
“Not following these rules raises questions about compliance with environmental laws and constitutional duties,” he remarked.
He pointed out the impact on both nature and people, including fewer migratory birds, rising pollution from aquaculture and untreated water, and loss of traditional fishing livelihoods.
He further noted that the lake’s reduced capacity could affect its ability to control floods. While recognising aquaculture as a source of income, he cautioned that unchecked expansion in sensitive areas could cause long-term damage to the environment and local communities.
He emphasised the need for a balance between development and conservation. “I strictly urge the authorities to enforce existing rules, remove illegal activities within protected areas, and start a clear and time-bound restoration plan. Regular monitoring using satellite data will have better accountability in administration,” he suggested.
Bolisetty concluded that restoring Kolleru Lake is still possible with proper planning and involvement of local communities, but warned that timely action is important as the situation continues to worsen.